Medical Information Only. Consult your healthcare provider before considering clinical trial enrollment.

ClinicalTrials.gov 2 recruiting now early-phase tilt small index

Refractory: early-phase trial registry

2 of 5 indexed Refractory trials are currently recruiting, with more weight in Phase 1-2.

Corpus placement: #3,391 of 28,707 conditions by registered trial count.

Jump to open trials → Trial finder

5 US clinical trials · 2 currently recruiting · #3,391 of 28,707 conditions by registered trial count

Refractory: 5 US clinical trials tracked, 2 recruiting.

Refractory is the subject of 5 registered US clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov, 2 of them currently open to new participants. 0 are in Phase 3-4 (later-stage) and 4 in Phase 1-2 (earlier-stage). The most active sponsor is UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, running 2 of these trials.

Enrollment posture brief

Registry condition refractory

OPEN 2 | RECR 40% | LATE 0 | EARLY 4 | RANK #3391 | SPON 2

Volume-matched condition peers

Nearest open-share peer: Achondroplasia (40% recruiting · 10 trials)

Ablation80%ACL Reconstruction80%Abuse, Drug60%Acceptability60%Refractory (this)40%
Open-enrollment share among volume-matched conditions near Refractory

Refractory lists 2 open slots (40% of 5 indexed trials). Peers are matched on registered volume, not therapeutic-area browse lists. How peer matching works →

Key findings

What ClinicalTrials.gov does not surface for Refractory on its own pages , computed from the registry mirror as of 2026-08-08. Each line carries its own denominator so it can be quoted as it stands.

  1. Refractory is recruiting below its size-band peers.

    2 of 5 indexed trials (40%) are open to enrollment, against a 46.5% average across 27,806 conditions with fewer than 20 trials. The peer set uses the same ClinicalTrials.gov-derived counts as this page.

  2. One sponsor concentrates Refractory research.

    UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center accounts for 2 of 5 trials (40%). 3 distinct sponsors appear on at least one study for this condition label.

  3. Most Refractory trials plan to enrol fewer than 100 people.

    Median target enrolment is 39 among the 5 trials that report a genuine target (sentinel values excluded). 4 of those (80%) plan for fewer than 100 participants.

  4. Refractory research is mostly interventional.

    5 interventional and 0 observational studies make up this index (100% interventional). Study type is sponsor-reported on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Phase 12Phase 22

Phase Distribution

PhaseTrial count
Phase 1 2
Phase 2 2

Top Sponsors

UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center 2 trials
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 2 trials
First Ascent Biomedical 1 trials

Named interventions

Most-linked intervention names on Refractory records (sponsor-reported on ClinicalTrials.gov). Counts are trial links, not unique products.

EGFRt/19-28z/4-1BBL CAR T cells Biological
1 trials
xDRIVE Tumor Profiling Diagnostic test
1 trials
Cell infusion Biological
1 trials
Entinostat Drug
1 trials
Isatuximab Drug
1 trials
Pomalidomide Drug
1 trials
Chemotherapy Drug
1 trials
Dexamethasone Drug
1 trials

US sites by state

Facility locations filed on Refractory trials. A trial with sites in several states counts in each.

New York 2 trials
North Carolina 2 trials
New Jersey 1 trials
Illinois 1 trials
Florida 1 trials

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, National Library of Medicine. Data is informational only.

Related

Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.

What to do with this Refractory page

5 registered trials, 2 currently recruiting, is a starting point for a conversation, not a diagnosis or a recommendation.

Trial and recruiting counts reflect ClinicalTrials.gov registry status as of the data vintage above; individual trial eligibility and enrollment status can change.

Every figure on PlainTrial is rendered directly from the ClinicalTrials.gov registry, no number is typed in by an editor. This Refractory condition card totals 5 registered trials; most-linked intervention EGFRt/19-28z/4-1BBL CAR T cells; top US site state New York. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, the data changelog, or report a data error.