Preliminary Effect of Food Processing and Sweeteners on Glycemic and Metabolic Measures

Study Summary

The average adult in the US consumes over 1/3 of a cup of sugar each day, or nearly 300 calories worth, with the primary sources being from beverages, desserts and sweet snacks, candy, additions to beverages, and foods such as breakfast cereals. This is a risky health behavior, as high added sugar intake relates to higher risk of gaining weight, blood sugar disorders such as type 2 diabetes, plus heart disease and various cancers. Thus, high added sugar intake is problematic, and something in need of reducing. Therefore, the investigators are proposing to test how commercial foods sweetened with a new, FDA approved rare sugar with net zero calories (allulose), that is derived from dried fruits, brown sugar, and maple syrup may impact added sugar intake and usual blood sugar levels. The investigators are doing this by a randomized trial, in which the investigators will recruit participants with abnormal blood sugars (prediabetes or diabetes) or higher metabolic risk (bigger waist and elevated blood pressure or blood cholesterol) and ask them in random order to include foods in their usual dietary intake that are sweetened by regular sugars (regular sugar), foods that are sweetened by the zero calorie rare sugar allulose (low added sugar), or low added sugar intake by higher intake of fresh fruits and minimally processed and sweetened foods in place of usual sweetened foods. The investigators will measure their usual blood sugar levels for each of these 3 different 2- week periods with a blood glucose monitor, along with what they eat each of those periods, their blood pressure, and how the different dietary approaches impact how they feel.

Primary Outcome

Measured via Blinded Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM). We will collect CGM data over the course of the study during each of the three, 14-day periods as the primary clinical measure. This is an apt measure that is meaningful and interpretable across the spectrum of glycemic/metabolic abnormality to frank type 2 diabetes. The inherent major influence of CV is postprandial glucose, which is meaningful across the same spectrum for disease risk. We will use the Abbott Freestyle Libre Pro system.

Conditions Studied

Interventions

• OTHER Regular sweetened commercial foods
• OTHER Allulose sweetened commercial foods
• OTHER Whole and minimally processed and sweetened foods

Study Locations (1)