Stereo Photogrammetry Imaging in Normal Volunteers and Patients With Head and Facial Malformations

Study Summary

This study will use stereo photogrammetry to: 1) characterize facial features of genetic and congenital malformations; 2) define facial features associated with normal growth and development; and 3) determine if stereo photogrammetry soft tissue imaging can be used to help diagnose head and facial malformations. These abnormalities currently are diagnosed using 2- or 3-dimensional skeletal images obtained with x-rays. Stereo photogrammetry uses a camera and computer to generate 3-dimensional images of the soft tissues of the face. Because the method does not use any radiation, images can be taken repeatedly to evaluate patients over a long term. Using stereo photogrammetry, images of people who belong to a defined group, for example, 17-year-old Caucasian males, can be combined (or morphed) into one image, allowing measurement of the facial features of the group. Comparing the morphed images of a normal control group with those of people with specific genetic conditions may reveal distinctions that could be used in diagnosing conditions that are currently diagnosed using x-rays. Healthy normal volunteers and patients with craniofacial dysmorphologies may be eligible for this study. Patients are recruited from current NIH studies of various genetic diseases. People who have previously had head and neck surgeries, including cosmetic surgery, may not participate. Participants give a medical and dental history, including any orthodontic work or facial surgeries. They are then positioned in front of a photogrammetry camera, a headband is placed on their head, and their picture is taken. A coded patient number is entered into the computer, where the image is stored until further analysis. Most participants are evaluated one time, but some patients and control subjects may be asked to return yearly for repeat images.