Penetrating the Classroom Social Network for Children With Language Impairment Via Peer Mediated Intervention

Study Summary

This exploratory experiment is designed to determine the extent to which the socialization experiences and social, behavioral, and linguistic skills of preschoolers with language impairment (LI) can be improved. The investigators implement a peer-mediated intervention in inclusive preschool classrooms, randomly assigned to treatment (n=12) or control (n=13) conditions. A focal child is identified in each classroom, representing a child with LI (3 to 5 years of age) who exhibits the poorest pragmatic-language skills and highest level of social exclusion in the classroom. Over a 12-week period, the focal children will receive peer-mediated intervention from identified peers, who use strategies to engage the focal child socially during center time, as supported by a classroom facilitator (teacher, aide). Outcomes of interest include the overarching classroom social network and its embedded socialization processes (e.g., frequency of child-to-child interaction), the focal child's interactions with peers and exposure to peer talk, and the focal child's social, behavioral, and linguistic skills. The study employs state-of-the-art social network analyses to represent the classroom network at the child, dyad, and network level and is dynamically modeled over the academic year using advanced location-tracking technologies and voice-activated recorders to capture incoming and outgoing peer talk for the focal child. The investigators anticipate the results of this study to yield significant theoretical and scientific impact. Theoretically, the investigators propose that improved socialization experiences in the preschool classroom can disrupt the social exclusion and peer maltreatment experienced by children with LI, leading to accelerated growth in linguistic, social, and behavioral outcomes for children with LI.

Primary Outcome

The PLS-5 is used to assess expressive language skills. Specific skills assessed include naming, expressing quantity, describing, using specific prepositions, grammatical markers, sentence structures, and emergent literacy skills. An assessor indicates whether a child passes (1) or does not pass (0) each item. Growth Scale Value: Range: Minimum = 100/Max = 900. Higher scores indicate better expressive language skills. Assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months. Baseline reported.

Interventions

• BEHAVIORAL Peer-mediated pivotal response training