Assessment of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction Using Single-breath & Multi-breath Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI

Study Summary

This study will use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to study the lungs of 90 volunteers using the inhaled contrast agent, hyperpolarized xenon-129. Once inhaled, this gas can provide information to imagers regarding lung functionality across specific regions of the lungs by assessing the replacement of air during the normal breathing cycle, how much oxygen is in the airspaces, and if the natural spongy tissue structure has been compromised by lung disease. Of the 90 subjects, 70 will be patients who received lung transplantation from the Penn/Temple Lung Transplant Teams and are receiving follow up treatment at HUP or TUH, 10 will be healthy control subjects who participated favorably in our HP 129Xe imaging protocol, and 10 will be patients who have been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-preferentially recruited from the Temple University COPDGene cohort, who have never undergone a lung transplant. 20 of the lung transplant recipient subjects will be patients who have received a recent clinical diagnosis of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) prior to enrollment in our study, while the other 50 will have recently undergone their initial transplant surgery at the time of enrollment.

Primary Outcome

The primary endpoint is the number and extent of functional and microstructural abnormalities observed in the lung transplant recipients following inhalation of polarized 129Xe. For the single-breath protocol, images will be obtained immediately after inhalation and during the subsequent breath hold. During the multi-breath protocol, images will be obtained during a \<1 second breath hold at the end of the exhalation. Fractional ventilation will be obtained based on the signal build up for multi

Interventions

• COMBINATION_PRODUCT Hyperpolarized 129-Xenon (MagniXene) MRI of the lung