Cold Milk for Dysphagia in Preterm Infants

Study Summary

It is estimated that 30-70% of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants will be diagnosed with swallowing dysfunction (dysphagia), which often leads to airway compromise in the form of laryngeal penetration and/or tracheal aspiration during oral feeding attempts. Chronic airway compromise results in a persistent inflammatory state, with disease progression that can be devastating for already fragile and developmentally immature lungs in preterm infants. At this time, there are limited therapeutic options for dysphagia in VLBW infants during oral feeding. In a recent publication, our research group was the first to demonstrate that short-duration of oral feeding with cold liquid reduces dysphagia occurrence from 71% to 26%. However, these data must be further validated for the effectiveness and safety of a full duration feeding before being recommended for routine clinical practice. The objective is to identify preliminary evidence for the efficacy and safety of feeding full oral cold milk for dysphagia management in preterm infants. We hypothesize that oral feeding of cold milk in VLBW preterm infants with dysphagia will improve suck/swallow/breathe coordination and decrease penetration/ aspiration to the airway. We further hypothesize that cold milk intervention will have no adverse effects on intestinal blood flow, as assessed by Doppler Ultrasound. This is significant because there is a critical need to identify effective and safe evidence-based treatment options for dysphagia management in preterm infants. This prospective study will seek to enroll Subjects who meet the following inclusion criteria: 1) VLBW (birth weight less than 1,500g and less than 32 weeks gestation), 2) admitted to NYU-Winthrop Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), 3) Post-menstrual age (PMA) \> 35 weeks at the time of the study, 4) receiving no or minimum respiratory support (\<1 lit/min low-flow nasal cannula), 5) tolerating at least 50% of their enteral feeding orally, 6) having sym

Primary Outcome

Dysphagia will be assessed by Video Fluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS) and/or Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). If the infants showed signs of dysphagia they would receive cold cold milk and improvements in dysphagia would be assessed again by VFSS and FEES.

Interventions

• OTHER Standard room temperature (RTS) feeding of milk/formula
• OTHER Cold temperature (CS, at 4-9°C) of milk/formula