Self-Affirmation: Construct Validity

Study Summary

Background: \- People respond differently when asked about their values. They also respond differently when they learn about how their actions affect their lives and health. Researchers want to learn more about these differences. This can help them improve public health messages. Objective: \- To see how people respond differently to questions about their values and to information about alcohol and breast cancer. Eligibility: Study 1 \- Women age 18 and older. Study 2 \& Study 3 -Women and men aged 18 and older to take part in these studies if they do not meet the US recommendations of eating 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per week. Design: * This study will take place online. * Participants will be randomly assigned to a group that will complete a certain task. * Researchers will ask participants to complete 2 small studies: * Values Study. Some participants may write briefly about a value that is important to them or to someone they are close to. Some participants will complete a short questionnaire instead of the writing exercise. * Study 1: Alcohol and Breast Cancer Study. Participants will read a health message. This will be about the link between alcohol use and increased breast cancer risk. Participants will then answer questions about what they read and their beliefs about alcohol and breast cancer. -Study 2: Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Health Study. Participants will read a health message about the fruit and vegetable consumption. Participants will then answer questions about what they read and their beliefs about fruit and vegetable consumption. -Study 3: Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Health Study. Participants will read a health message about the fruit and vegetable consumption. Participants will then answer questions about what they read and their beliefs about fruit and vegetable consumption. Complete a follow-up survey that will be emailed to you through the mTurk system a week after you complete the main study